It is a rare trip outside North Korea for Kim, who is one of 26 heads of state slated attend a military parade in Beijing to mark the 80th anniversary of Japan's surrender in World War II.

If it proceeds as planned, the diplomatic foray will mark the first time that Kim, Russia's Vladmir Putin and China's Xi Jinping appear at the same event.

On Monday, Xi and Putin took turns swiping at the West during a gathering of Eurasian leaders in Tianjin, just south of Beijing.

The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) touts itself as a non-Western style of collaboration between 10 countries in the region and seeks to be an alternative to traditional alliances.

Kim's upcoming presence "formalises the China-Russia-North Korea trilateral (relationship) to the public", Soo Kim, a geopolitical risk consultant and former CIA analyst, told AFP.

Kim enjoyed a brief bout of high-profile international diplomacy from around 2018, meeting US President Donald Trump and then South Korean President Moon Jae-in multiple times.

But he withdrew from the global scene after the collapse of a summit with Trump in Hanoi, Vietnam, in 2019.

Kim stayed in North Korea throughout the Covid-19 pandemic, but met Putin in Russia's far east in 2023.