The vast majority of those killed in the magnitude-6.0 earthquake that jolted the mountainous region bordering Pakistan late Sunday were in Kunar province, where 2,205 people died and 3,640 were injured, according to a Taliban government toll.

Another 12 people were killed and hundreds injured in the neighbouring provinces of Nangarhar and Laghman.

The toll had been expected to rise as volunteers and rescuers were still pulling bodies from the rubble.

"Hundreds of bodies have been recovered from destroyed houses during search and rescue operations," deputy government spokesman Hamdullah Fitrat said, announcing the new toll, adding that "rescue efforts are still ongoing".

Limited access to the hardest hit areas of mountainous Kunar province has delayed rescue and relief efforts, with rockfalls from repeated aftershocks obstructing already precarious roads etched onto the side of cliffs.

Various countries have flown in aid, and on Thursday China pledged around $7 million of emergency relief, such as tents, blankets and food.

But hundreds of villagers in the hard-hit Nurgal district were still stranded in the open air, squeezing multiple families under pieces of tarp pulled from the rubble and unsure of where they would get a morsel to eat.

A fight broke out over food when some finally reached the field in Mazar Dara where hundreds of people were camped out, little aid having reached them.

"Yesterday, some people brought some food, everyone flooded on them, people are starving, we haven't had anything to eat for a long time," Zahir Khan Safi, 48, told AFP.

- 'Every hour counts' -

Poor infrastructure in the impoverished country, still fragile from four decades of war, has also stymied the emergency response.

The World Health Organization warned that local healthcare services were "under immense strain", with shortages of trauma supplies, medicines and staff.

The agency has appealed for $4 million to deliver lifesaving health interventions and expand mobile health services and supply distribution.

"Every hour counts," said Jamshed Tanoli, WHO emergency team lead in Afghanistan. "Hospitals are struggling, families are grieving and survivors have lost everything."

The loss of US foreign aid to the country in January this year has exacerbated the rapid depletion of emergency stockpiles and logistical resources.

NGOs and the UN have warned that the earthquake creates a crisis within a crisis, with cash-strapped Afghanistan already contending with overlapping humanitarian disasters.

Filippo Grandi, head of the UN's refugee agency, said the quake had "affected more than 500,000 people" in eastern Afghanistan.

The country is contending with endemic poverty, severe drought, and the influx of millions of Afghans forced back to the country by neighbours Pakistan and Iran since the Taliban's 2021 takeover.

Even as Afghanistan reeled from its latest disaster, Pakistan began a new push to expel Afghans, with more than 6,300 people crossing the Torkham border point in quake-hit Nangarhar province on Tuesday.

The push to expel Afghans from Pakistan and Iran is "a major pressure" on the country and aid organisations struggling with funding cuts, particularly to longer-term support, Danish Refugee Council Secretary General Charlotte Slente told AFP.

Emergency aid for disasters comes from different funding pots, she said, but "nevertheless, the funds come out of the same relatively reduced coffers of development and humanitarian aid".