The figures also showed imports suffered a forecast-beating drop, with weak domestic consumption in the world's number two economy highlighted by data earlier in the day revealing another month of falling prices.

The 4.8 percent year-on-year drop in overseas shipments last month was an improvement on April but bigger than the 6.0 percent forecast in a survey of economists by Bloomberg.

The reading included a 12.7 percent plunge in exports to the United States compared with April, when Trump unveiled his eye-watering tariffs on China. Imports from the US tanked 17.9 percent after Beijing imposed tit-for-tat measures.

Exports tumbled by a third year-on-year in May.

In contrast, the data showed shipments to Vietnam increased from the previous month. Those to other Southeast Asian countries including Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore and Indonesia all declined slightly after soaring in April, the figures indicated.

"The trade war between China and the US led to sharply lower exports to the US, but the damage was offset by stronger exports to other countries," Zhiwei Zhang, resident and Chief Economist at Pinpoint Asset Management, said in a note.

"The trade outlook remains highly uncertain at this stage," he added, pointing to the impact of "frontloading", when overseas buyers increase shipments ahead of potentially higher tariffs.

Monday's readings added to concerns about the Chinese economy, with a report from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) showing the consumer price index -- a key measure of inflation -- dropped 0.1 percent year on year in May.

The reading, which was slightly better than expected but marks the fourth straight month of falling prices, comes as Beijing struggles to boost the sluggish domestic consumption seen since the end of the pandemic.

Leaders' failure to kickstart demand threatens their official growth targets and complicates their ability to shield its economy from Trump's tariff blitz.

While deflation suggests the cost of goods is falling, it poses a threat to the broader economy as consumers tend to postpone purchases under such conditions, hoping for further reductions.

A lack of demand can then force companies to cut production, freeze hiring or lay off workers, while potentially also having to discount existing stocks -- dampening profitability even as costs remain the same.

Deepening a slump that has now lasted more than two years, factory gate prices also dropped in May, the NBS said Monday.

The producer price index decline of 3.3 percent -- accelerating from a 2.7 percent drop in April -- was faster than the 3.2 percent estimated in the Bloomberg survey.

Representatives from China and the United States are expected to meet on Monday in London for another round of high-stakes trade talks markets hope will ease tensions between the economic superpowers.

A key issue in the negotiations will be Beijing's shipments of rare earths, crucial to a range of goods including electric vehicle batteries and which have been a bone of contention between the two for some time.

Figures Monday showed Chinese exports of 17 minerals rose last month to 5,865 from 4,785 tons in April.

The London talks will be the second set of formal negotiations between the two since Trump launched his global trade blitz on April 2.

They were announced after a phone call last week between Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping, which the US president described as "very good".

The first round, held in mid-May in Geneva, saw the two pause sky-high tariffs but fail to reach a sweeping trade deal.