The passage through the Taiwan Strait by the Arleigh Burke-class guided missile destroyer USS Milius was a routine transit, the US Seventh Fleet said.
The voyage, the 11th declared freedom of navigation exercise of the year, "demonstrates the US commitment to a free and open Indo-Pacific," it said in a statement.
The latest transit came after US President Joe Biden and China's Xi Jinping traded strong warnings on the future of Taiwan at a virtual summit earlier this month.
Chinese state media reported after the summit that Xi cautioned Biden that encouraging Taiwanese independence would be "playing with fire".
US warships periodically conduct freedom of navigation sailings through the strait, often triggering angry responses from Beijing, which claims Taiwan and the surrounding waters as its own territory.
The United States and many other countries view the route as international waters open to all.
A growing number of US allies have transited the route as Beijing intensifies its military threats towards Taiwan and solidifies its control over the disputed South China Sea.
British, Canadian, French and Australian warships have all made passages through the Taiwan Strait in recent years, sparking protests from Beijing.
China's foreign ministry spokesman Zhao Lijian slammed the latest transit as a "deliberate attempt to disrupt and undermine regional peace and stability".
"The US should immediately correct its mistake, stop stirring up trouble, crossing the line and playing with fire," he warned.
Collin Koh, a research fellow at Singapore's S Rajaratnam School of International Studies, keeps a database of declared US transits through the Taiwan Strait.
Koh said western navies see the transits "as routine passage in the exercise of high seas freedoms and rights through the waterway".
"These days, these transits are routinised and publicised simply to emphasise the above mentioned established facts of how maritime user states exercise such freedoms and rights
Nine were conducted in 2019 followed by 15 in 2020. So far this year there have been 11, including the USS Milius crossing.
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